英語的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)用于主動句，表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)用于被動句，表示主語是動作的承受者。主動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式與動詞時態(tài)相同，而被動語態(tài)由助動詞“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化。例如：

一般現(xiàn)在時：You are required to do this.

一般過去時：The window was broken by Xiao Ming.

一般將來時：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：The road is being widened.

過去進(jìn)行時：The new tool was being made.

現(xiàn)在完成時：The door has been painted.

過去完成時：He said that the work had been finished.

過去將來時：He said that the trees would be planted.

1. 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

The problem must be solved soon. 這個問題必須盡快解決。

2. 帶不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

Betty has never been heard to speak ill of others. 從未聽到貝蒂說別人壞話。

This task needs to be done with great care.這項工作必須認(rèn)真去做。

3. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)

短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。

Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。

4. 表示"據(jù)說"或"相信" 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如：

It is said that… 據(jù)說

It is reported that… 據(jù)報道

It is believed that… 大家相信

It is hoped that… 大家希望

It is well known that… 眾所周知

It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為

It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議

It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然

It has been decided that… 大家決定

It must be remember that… 務(wù)必記住的是

5. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況

1）當(dāng)謂語是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞時，不用被動語態(tài)。這樣的及物動詞有have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, lack, contain, hold, own, suit等。如：

We have a good teacher. 我們有一位好老師。

My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合腳。

Jack always lacks confidence. 杰克總是缺乏信心。

The classroom holds 80 students. 這間教室容納80個學(xué)生。

2）及物動詞的賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語動詞、同源賓語時，都沒有被動語態(tài)。如：

The boy taught himself English. 這男孩自學(xué)英語。

We help each other. 我們互相幫助。

Alice hopes to visit her hometown. 愛麗絲希望去看看她的家鄉(xiāng)。

They live a happy life. 他們過著一個幸福的生活。

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 昨天晚上她做了一個噩夢。

3）有些及物動詞或動詞短語也不用被動語態(tài)。這樣的動詞和短語有marry, wish, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。如：

The accident happened last night. 事故發(fā)生在昨天晚上。

I agree with you. 我同意你的意見。

4）當(dāng)謂語動詞是連系動詞、不及物動詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動詞的動詞短語時，不用被動語態(tài)。這樣的動詞有appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn, die, disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等。如：

After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火后，我房子里所剩無幾。

A few minutes later, the man appeared. 幾分鐘后，那個人出現(xiàn)了。

5）當(dāng)賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如：

（對）She likes to swim.

（錯）To swim is liked by her.

6. 主動形式表示被動意義

1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：

The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。

This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。

2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：

I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。

Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。

3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容詞）, deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如：

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。

This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。

4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。例如：

Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。

7. 被動形式表示主動意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be occupied（in）, get married等。例如：

He is determined to work hard. 他決定努力工作。

注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：

He married a rich girl. 他與一個富妞結(jié)婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.

其實我們不妨把下面這樣一些被動結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)作固定詞組來記：

be armed with(掌握了)，be attached to(依戀上)，be burdened with (擔(dān)負(fù)著),be buried in(致力于，專心于)，be concerned with/about (關(guān)心)，be convinced of(相信)，be dressed in (穿著)，be equipped with(配備了)，be hidden(躲藏起來)，be located(位于)，be lost in(陷入，迷路)，be occupied in/with(忙于)，be seated(就座)，be crowded with(擠滿了)，be covered with(覆蓋著)，be filled with(充滿了)等等。

8." be + 過去分詞" 并非都是被動語態(tài)，系動詞 be, feel, seem, look,等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，表示某種狀態(tài)。例如：

I’m interested in mathematics.

我對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。

He seems unsatisfied with his work.

他看起來對他的工作不滿意。

We are determined to catch up with the developed countries.

我們決心要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家。

The song is called" Don’t forget me".

歌曲的名字叫“勿忘我”。