英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于主動(dòng)句，表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于被動(dòng)句，表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相同，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞“be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are required to do this.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)：The window was broken by Xiao Ming.

一般將來(lái)時(shí)：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The road is being widened.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：The new tool was being made.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The door has been painted.

過(guò)去完成時(shí)：He said that the work had been finished.

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：He said that the trees would be planted.

1. 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

The problem must be solved soon. 這個(gè)問題必須盡快解決。

2. 帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

Betty has never been heard to speak ill of others. 從未聽到貝蒂說(shuō)別人壞話。

This task needs to be done with great care.這項(xiàng)工作必須認(rèn)真去做。

3. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。

Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。

4. 表示"據(jù)說(shuō)"或"相信" 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如：

It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō)

It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道

It is believed that… 大家相信

It is hoped that… 大家希望

It is well known that… 眾所周知

It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為

It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議

It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然

It has been decided that… 大家決定

It must be remember that… 務(wù)必記住的是

5. 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

1）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的及物動(dòng)詞有have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, lack, contain, hold, own, suit等。如：

We have a good teacher. 我們有一位好老師。

My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合腳。

Jack always lacks confidence. 杰克總是缺乏信心。

The classroom holds 80 students. 這間教室容納80個(gè)學(xué)生。

2）及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，都沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

The boy taught himself English. 這男孩自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

We help each other. 我們互相幫助。

Alice hopes to visit her hometown. 愛麗絲希望去看看她的家鄉(xiāng)。

They live a happy life. 他們過(guò)著一個(gè)幸福的生活。

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 昨天晚上她做了一個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。

3）有些及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)有marry, wish, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。如：

The accident happened last night. 事故發(fā)生在昨天晚上。

I agree with you. 我同意你的意見。

4）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn, die, disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等。如：

After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火后，我房子里所剩無(wú)幾。

A few minutes later, the man appeared. 幾分鐘后，那個(gè)人出現(xiàn)了。

5）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

（對(duì)）She likes to swim.

（錯(cuò)）To swim is liked by her.

6. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：

The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。

This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。

2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：

I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。

Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。

3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容詞）, deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如：

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。

This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。

4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。例如：

Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。

7. 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be occupied（in）, get married等。例如：

He is determined to work hard. 他決定努力工作。

注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：

He married a rich girl. 他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.

其實(shí)我們不妨把下面這樣一些被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)作固定詞組來(lái)記：

be armed with(掌握了)，be attached to(依戀上)，be burdened with (擔(dān)負(fù)著),be buried in(致力于，專心于)，be concerned with/about (關(guān)心)，be convinced of(相信)，be dressed in (穿著)，be equipped with(配備了)，be hidden(躲藏起來(lái))，be located(位于)，be lost in(陷入，迷路)，be occupied in/with(忙于)，be seated(就座)，be crowded with(擠滿了)，be covered with(覆蓋著)，be filled with(充滿了)等等。

8." be + 過(guò)去分詞" 并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞 be, feel, seem, look,等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，表示某種狀態(tài)。例如：

I’m interested in mathematics.

我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。

He seems unsatisfied with his work.

他看起來(lái)對(duì)他的工作不滿意。

We are determined to catch up with the developed countries.

我們決心要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。

The song is called" Don’t forget me".

歌曲的名字叫“勿忘我”。