高中英語(yǔ)必修二Unit2知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

1、threat n．威脅

→threaten vt.威脅；危及

2、hunt v．打獵；搜尋；追捕

→ hunter n．獵人

3、rate n．速度；(比)率 vt、劃分等級(jí)

→rating n．等級(jí)；級(jí)別

4、extinct adj.已滅絕的

→extinction n．滅絕

5、press vt.壓；按

→pressure n．壓力；要求

6、concern n．擔(dān)心；關(guān)心 vt.讓……擔(dān)憂；涉及

→concerned adj、擔(dān)心的；關(guān)切的

7、legal adj、法律的；合法的

→illegal adj.不合法的；非法的

→illegally adv.不合法地；非法地

8、alarm vt.使害怕；使驚恐；使擔(dān)心 n．警報(bào)；恐慌；警報(bào)器

→alarming adj.驚人的；使人驚恐的

→alarmed adj.擔(dān)心的；害怕的

9、intend vi、& vt.打算；計(jì)劃；想要

→intention n．打算；目的

10、exist vi.存在；生存

→existence n．存在；生存

二、重點(diǎn)單詞和短語(yǔ)

rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.劃分等級(jí)；評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估

①M(fèi)ost people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.n.速度

②The birth rate of that country is reducing.n.(比)率

③China and India are rated as the most attractive markets now.v.評(píng)價(jià)，看作

reserve n．(動(dòng)植物)保護(hù)區(qū)；儲(chǔ)藏(量)vt.預(yù)訂；預(yù)留；保留

①These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.vt.預(yù)留

②I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.vt.預(yù)訂

③We set up a wildlife reserve to protect endangered elephants.n.保護(hù)區(qū)

die out滅絕；逐漸消失；逐漸熄滅

[例1] With society developing，many old customs are dying out.

隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，許多古老的風(fēng)俗在逐漸消失。

[例2] With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out.

隨著生存環(huán)境變得越來(lái)越糟，地球上的很多物種正在消失。

[造句]一旦大火熄滅，救援隊(duì)就會(huì)馬上進(jìn)入。

Once the fire has died out，the rescue team will move in immediately.

[知識(shí)拓展]

die away 逐漸減弱，逐漸模糊，逐漸消失

die down 逐漸降低，逐漸平息

die off 相繼死去

die of 死于(內(nèi)因)

die from 死于(外因)

die for 為……而死

alarming adj.驚人的；使人驚恐的

[例1] It is true that the earth's resources are running out at an alarming rate，so we should make good use of them.

的確，地球資源正以驚人的速度耗盡，所以我們應(yīng)該好好利用它們。

[例2] This idea seems to become less alarming.

這個(gè)想法似乎就變得不那么可怕了。

[造句]人口正以驚人的速度下降。

The population is dropping at an alarming rate.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)alarm vt. 使驚恐；使害怕；使擔(dān)心 n. 警報(bào)；恐慌

in alarm 驚恐地

(2)alarmed adj.驚恐的；憂慮的

be alarmed at/by...對(duì)……大為驚慌

be alarmed to do...做……感到恐慌

We were alarmed at the alarming scream as the scream did alarm us.

我們被那令人驚恐的尖叫聲嚇了一跳，因?yàn)槟墙新暤拇_使我們感到驚恐。

aware of... 意識(shí)到......；知道......

We must make people aware of the problem and help the endangered wildlife before it's too late！我們必須讓人們意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并及時(shí)幫助……瀕危野生動(dòng)物！

[例1] In conclusion，people around the world should be well aware of the real situation of water shortage.

總之，全世界的人們都應(yīng)該清楚地知道水資源短缺的真實(shí)情況。

[例2] The failure made me aware of my own shortcomings.

這次失敗使我意識(shí)到了我自己的缺點(diǎn)。

[造句]每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到了污染的嚴(yán)重性。

Everybody is aware of the seriousness of pollution.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)be/become aware of...對(duì)……知道；明白；意識(shí)到

be/become aware that... 知道/體會(huì)到……

as/so far as I am aware 據(jù)我所知

make sb.aware of... 使某人意識(shí)到……

(2)awareness n. 意識(shí)；認(rèn)識(shí)

develop an awareness of... 形成……的意識(shí)

raise awareness 提高意識(shí)

她還沒(méi)意識(shí)到她做錯(cuò)了。

→She was not aware of having done wrong．

→She was not aware that she had done wrong．

→She was not aware of what she had done was wrong．

[名師點(diǎn)津]

(1)aware后跟名詞性從句時(shí)，一般從句前不能用of，但在what從句前必須用of。

(2)修飾aware可用well，much，very much，fully，但不用very。

(3)be aware后一般不接不定式。

average adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 n．平均水平；平均數(shù)

How many elephants are killed on average every day？

平均每天有多少頭大象被殺？

[例1] He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.

他學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，成績(jī)?cè)诎嗬锔哂谄骄健?/p>

[例2] The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.

3，8，10的平均數(shù)為7。

[造句]每個(gè)班平均有10名學(xué)生未通過(guò)考試。

An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)on (the)average 平均來(lái)看

above (the)average 高于平均水平

below (the)average 低于平均水平

(2)an average of... 平均有……(后跟數(shù)詞)

the average of... ……的平均數(shù)

The temperature now is below average．

此時(shí)的氣溫低于平均水平。

concerned about... 對(duì)……關(guān)切的；為……擔(dān)憂的

I'm concerned about the African elephants.

我很擔(dān)心非洲大象。

[例1] She is concerned about/for her son's future.

她擔(dān)憂她兒子的未來(lái)。

[例2] You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him and you will meet after class and talk then.

你會(huì)告訴你的朋友你很關(guān)心他，下課后你們會(huì)見(jiàn)面交談。

[造句]我們都擔(dān)心她的安全。

We are all concerned about her safety.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)concern vt. (使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系

show concern for 關(guān)心

(2)concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的；關(guān)注的

as/so far as...be concerned 關(guān)于；至于；就……而言

be concerned with sth. 牽涉到；與……有關(guān)

(3)concerning prep. 關(guān)于

The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.He was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.All the difficulties concerning Pamina were solved by the prince.這故事講的是王子奮力解救帕米娜。他擔(dān)心她可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)彎的地方而迷路。所有與帕米娜有關(guān)的難事都由王子解決。

adapt vi.適應(yīng) vt.使適應(yīng)；使適合；改編

Elephants need large living spaces，so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes.

大象需要很大的生存空間，所以它們很難適應(yīng)變化。

[例1] Not only has she adapted (herself)to the fast rhythm of city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.

她不僅已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了快節(jié)奏的城市生活，而且變得越來(lái)越開(kāi)朗。

[例2] After graduation from college，I gradually adapted myself to living on my own.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我逐漸適應(yīng)了獨(dú)立生活。

[造句]據(jù)說(shuō)這部新影片是根據(jù)一本小說(shuō)改編的。

This new film is said to be adapted from a novel.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)adapt to 適合，適應(yīng)

adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)

adapt...to... 使……適應(yīng)……

adapt...for... 將……改編為……

adapt sth. from sth. 根據(jù)……改編……

(2)adaptable adj. 能適應(yīng)的；可修改的

(3)adaptation n. 改編本；適應(yīng)

[名師點(diǎn)津]

adapt (oneself)to中的to為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new surroundings.

孩子發(fā)覺(jué)很難適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。

measure n．措施；方法 vt.測(cè)量；度量；估量

What measures are being taken to help them?

正在采取什么措施來(lái)幫助它們呢？

[例1] The room measures 10 metres across.

這個(gè)房間寬十米。

[例2] Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results.

教育不應(yīng)該僅僅用考試結(jié)果來(lái)衡量。

[造句]你們應(yīng)該采取有效措施來(lái)改善你們的工作環(huán)境。

You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions．

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事

made to measure 量身定制的

(2)measure sth. by sth. 用某物來(lái)衡量某物

[名師點(diǎn)津]

measure表示“量度為”時(shí)，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟測(cè)量結(jié)果，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及進(jìn)行時(shí)。類似用法的單詞還有weigh。

Think about measures of measuring the weight of the elephant.

思考測(cè)量大象重量的辦法。

observe vt.觀察到；注視；看到；注意到；遵守(規(guī)則、法律等)；慶祝

This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.

這就是我們來(lái)這里的原因——觀察藏羚羊。

[例1]As a middle school student，he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.

作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生，他應(yīng)該遵守校規(guī)和交通規(guī)則。

[例2]I observed that several students were asleep in class.

我注意到有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂上睡著了。

[造句]全世界的中國(guó)人都慶祝春節(jié)。

Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.

知識(shí)拓展]

(1)observe sb. do sth.觀察到某人做了某事

observe sb. doing sth.觀察到某人正在做某事

observe＋that從句 發(fā)現(xiàn)……

(2)observation n. 觀察，觀測(cè)

[名師點(diǎn)津]

表示“注意到，看到”，后面接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，其中用動(dòng)詞不定式和v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程，但用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to不可省略；v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

When we attend the parade to observe the National Day，we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light，we should stop him.

當(dāng)我們參加游行慶祝國(guó)慶節(jié)的時(shí)候，我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。如果我們看到有人闖紅燈，我們就要阻止他。

remind vt.提醒；使想起

I'm also reminded of the danger they are in.

我也意識(shí)到了它們所處的危險(xiǎn)。

[例1]I don't want them to remind me of her.

我不想因它們而想起她來(lái)。

[例2]Reminded not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.

盡管被提醒不要酒后駕車，一些司機(jī)仍然心存僥幸，這十分危險(xiǎn)。

[造句]這些老照片使我想起了我在農(nóng)村度過(guò)的那些日子。

These old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.

[知識(shí)拓展]

remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事

remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事

remind sb. that... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……

intend v．計(jì)劃；打算；想要

The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而，政府并沒(méi)有打算停止這些保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)閷?duì)藏羚羊的威脅依然存在。

[例1]The meeting is intended to deal with some important problems.

開(kāi)這個(gè)會(huì)的目的是想解決一些重要問(wèn)題。

[例2]I had intended to watch the game，but I had something more important to do.

＝I intended to have watched the game，but I had something more important to do.

我本打算看這場(chǎng)比賽，但是有更重要的事要做。

[造句]女朋友和我打算明年結(jié)婚。

My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事

intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事

(2)be intended to do... 為了做……

be intended for... 專門(mén)為……而設(shè)計(jì)的；專供……使用的

(3)had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但沒(méi)有做)

(4)intention n. 打算；計(jì)劃

have intention of doing...打算做……

The water is not intended for drinking.

這是非飲用水。

I intend you to take over the business.

我打算讓你來(lái)接管生意。

三、重點(diǎn)句型

This is why...“這就是……的原因”。

This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.

這就是我們來(lái)這里的原因——觀察藏羚羊。

[句式分析]

This is why...這就是……的原因。此處why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

[例1]Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.

湯姆病了。那就是他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因。

[例2]I've got a cold，that is why I wouldn't like to have a meal.

我感冒了，那就是我不想吃飯的原因。

[造句]這就是為什么我寫(xiě)信要求做一名志愿者。

This is why I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.

[知識(shí)拓展]

(1)That/This is/was why...

這就是為什么……(why從句表示結(jié)果)

(2)That/This is/was because...

這是因?yàn)椤?because從句表示原因)

(3)The reason why...is/was that...

……的原因是……(表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because)

①The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low．

他沒(méi)有被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取的原因是他的分?jǐn)?shù)太低。

②Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill．

湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。那是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

only修飾狀語(yǔ)位于句首，用部分倒裝。

Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.

只有學(xué)會(huì)和大自然和諧共處，我們才不會(huì)成為野生生物和地球的威脅。

[句式分析]

only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)主句須部分倒裝。

[例1] Only in this way can you work out the problem.

只有這樣，你才能算出這道題來(lái)。

[例2] Only if he gets a job can he have enough money to continue his studies at college.

他只有找到工作才能有足夠的錢(qián)繼續(xù)大學(xué)的學(xué)業(yè)。

[造句]只有到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我做錯(cuò)了。

Only then did I realize that I had done wrong.

[知識(shí)拓展]

only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝，即把句子謂語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be放在主語(yǔ)之前。

[名師點(diǎn)津]

若only修飾主語(yǔ)，即使在句首也不倒裝。

①Only in this way can young people learn how to observe excellent traditions.

只有這樣年輕人才能學(xué)會(huì)如何遵守優(yōu)良的傳統(tǒng)。

②Only when he returned home was he aware of what had happened.

當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。

③Only by practising papercutting more can you learn the folk art.

只有通過(guò)多練習(xí)剪紙，你才能掌握這門(mén)民間藝術(shù)。

Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I was struck by their beauty.

分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。watching them move slowly across the green grass在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

譯文：看著它們慢慢地穿過(guò)綠色的草地，我被它們的美麗所打動(dòng)。

he government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.

[分析] 本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，since引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

[譯文] 然而，政府并沒(méi)有打算停止這些保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)閷?duì)藏羚羊的威脅依然存在。