動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不但可以延續(xù)，而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣，但常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或狀語從句連用。

舉例：

1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．自從來到中國，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了l，000多個(gè)漢字。

2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自從來到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。

3．I have kept the picture for about three years．這張畫我保存了大約三年。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞又稱持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它所表示的是一種持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用, 而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不行。

(1) How long have you had it? 這輛車你買了多久了？

[說明] 在英語中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。所以我們不說，

“How long have you bought it?”因?yàn)閔ow long 是“多久”的意思，而buy是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，二者不相配。

常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry, start, stop等。

為了表達(dá)這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 have,keep 或短語 “be+名詞，形容詞，位置副詞，介詞短語” 來代替非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。

如：become---be, begin---have/ be on, borrow---keep, buy---have, come---be here/there/in…, die---be dead, finish---be over, join---be in, leave---be away等。

His father has been dead for one year.(不能用die)

My brother has been in the army for two years.(不能用join)

I have kept the book for two weeks. (不能用borrow)我借這本書兩個(gè)星期了。

二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。

如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

He died 5 years ago.

否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用，沒有發(fā)生的事就可以延續(xù)下去。例: I haven't left here for 3 years.

I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，但由于動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)間完成的所以不能與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語連用。英語中常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中可改為相應(yīng)的表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞或短語，這時(shí)可與表示一段時(shí)間的的狀語連用。

He has been a Party member for two years.

他已經(jīng)入黨兩年了。

He has joined the Party for two years. （錯(cuò)誤）

由于動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)間完成的所以不能與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語連用。

三、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。 例: The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.