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          2021年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法之sure與certain的用法區(qū)別

          2022-10-18
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          2021年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法匯總

          sure與certain的用法區(qū)別

          一、兩者在用法上的相同點(diǎn)

          兩者都可用作表語(yǔ),表示“一定”或“確信”,有時(shí)可互換。互換的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)用法:

          1. 表示說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度或看法

          即表示說(shuō)話者自己的態(tài)度或看法,其意為“一定會(huì)”“肯定會(huì)”。此時(shí)主要用法有:

          (1) 單獨(dú)用作表語(yǔ)。如:

          One thing was sure [certain]: they'd be late. 有一件事是確定無(wú)疑的,他們會(huì)遲到。

          (2) 后接不定式。如:

          He's certain [sure] to win. 他一定會(huì)成功。

          They're certain [sure] to need help. 他們肯定需要幫助。

          If you do this, you are certain [sure] to be found out. 如果你這樣做一定會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

          2. 表示句子主語(yǔ)的判斷或信念

          即表示句子主語(yǔ)對(duì)某一情況的判斷或信念,其意為“相信”“確信”“有把握”等。此時(shí)通常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):

          (1) 后接of [about] sth。如:

          He is certain [sure] of success. 他確信會(huì)成功。

          Are you certain of [about] that? 你對(duì)此有把握嗎?

          (2) 后接 of doing sth。如:

          Our team is certain [sure] of winning. 我們隊(duì)有把握贏。

          You can be sure [certain] of his agreeing. 你可以放心他會(huì)同意。

          比較同義句:

          He is certain [sure] of winning.

          =He is sure [certain] that he will win. 他自信會(huì)贏。

          (3) 后接 that / whether / if 從句。如:

          I am sure [certain] that he is honest. 我肯定他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

          I'm sure [certain] that it's not your fault. 我敢肯定這不是你的錯(cuò)。

          Are you certain [sure] that this is the right road? 你肯定這條路對(duì)嗎?

          注:當(dāng)be sure [certain]為肯定式或疑問(wèn)式時(shí),后接that從句;當(dāng)be sure [certain]為否定式時(shí),后接whether [if]從句。如:

          I'm not sure [certain] whether he still works there. 我不能肯定他是否還在那里工作。

          I wasn't sure [certain] whether he would agree. 我不太肯定他是否會(huì)同意。

          He wasn't sure [certain] whether he would be able to get back in time. 他不能肯定他是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)回來(lái)。

          (4) 后接其他從句。如:

          I'm not sure [certain] where she lives. 我不能肯定她住在哪里。

          I'm not certain [sure] who wrote it. 我不太清楚這是誰(shuí)寫的。

          二、只能用certain的情形

          以下情況通常只用certain,而不用sure:

          1. 當(dāng)句中用了形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ) it 時(shí)。如:

          It's certain that he'll come tomorrow. 他明天肯定會(huì)來(lái)。

          I thought it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他會(huì)遲到。

          It's certain that prices will go up. 價(jià)格肯定會(huì)上漲。

          It's not certain how much it will cost. 這要花多少錢還不確定。

          2. 當(dāng)表示“某一”“某些”時(shí)。如:

          A certain Mr Green wants to see you. 有個(gè)叫格林先生的人想見你。

          Certain plants are good to eat but others are not. 有些植物好吃, 而其他一些則不好吃。

          三、只能用sure的情形

          在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事)這類祈使句中通常不用 certain。如:

          Be sure not to forget it. 千萬(wàn)別忘記啦。

          Be sure to get there before nine. 務(wù)必在九點(diǎn)前到達(dá)。

          Be sure to turn off the light when leave. 離開時(shí)一定要關(guān)燈。

          四、兩者在習(xí)語(yǔ)中的用法

          1. 用于 for certain / for sure, 意為“肯定地”“確切地”等,兩者可互換。如:

          I can't say for certain [sure] when he will come. 我不敢肯定地說(shuō)他什么時(shí)候來(lái)。

          No one knows for sure [certain] what happened to her. 沒有人確切地知道她出了什么事。

          2. 用于 make certain / make sure,意為“弄清楚”“弄得有把握”,兩者可互換。如:

          They made certain [sure] (that) they weren't late. 他們有把握不遲到。

          I think there's a train at 10:40, but you'd better make certain [sure] of it. 我想10:40有趟火車,但你最好去核實(shí)一下。

          五、糾正一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤

          有許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為,sure的主語(yǔ)只能是人,不能是事物;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是事物時(shí),應(yīng)用certain。其實(shí),這是一種誤解。關(guān)于sure的主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題,有以下兩點(diǎn)值得注意:

          1. 當(dāng)表示說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度或看法時(shí),句子主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物。由于此時(shí)用人作主語(yǔ)的情形同學(xué)們比較熟悉,所以下面只舉幾句用物作主語(yǔ)的例子。如:

          It's sure to rain tomorrow. 肯定要下雨了。

          The train is sure to arrive on time. 火車一定會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。

          The design is so good it's sure to set the pattern for many others. 這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)很不錯(cuò),肯定會(huì)成為其他許多設(shè)計(jì)的樣板。

          這類句子通??梢杂肐'm sure that…來(lái)替換。如:

          It's sure to rain tomorrow.

          =I'm sure that it will rain tomorrow.

          The train is sure to arrive on time.

          =I'm sure that the train will arrive on time.

          2. 當(dāng)表示句子主語(yǔ)的判斷或信念時(shí),句子的主語(yǔ)只能是人,不能是物。因?yàn)閺倪壿嬌现v,只有“人”才能作出判斷,才有自己的信念。如:

          I' m sure I won't lose my way. 我肯定不會(huì)迷路的。

          I'm sure we've met before. 我敢肯定我們以前見過(guò)面。

          注:certain的主語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)也符合以上情形。

          六、sure有時(shí)還可與there be 搭配使用。如:

          There's sure to be a place for him somewhere. 在什么地方準(zhǔn)有他容身之地。

          There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter. 在她收到他的信時(shí),肯定會(huì)有麻煩。

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