英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：So do I

兩人對(duì)話，乙方對(duì)甲方的問(wèn)話?？捎煤?jiǎn)短回答作出 反應(yīng)。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.這同樣適用于陳述句的場(chǎng)合： You worry too much.-- No，I don‘t.在后一種情況下，乙方也能"So+do+主語(yǔ)"之類 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示看法。

例如甲方說(shuō)"我喜歡蘋果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜歡蘋果"，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)：

A：I like apples.

B：So do I.(= I like apples，too。)

這里的so在意義上相當(dāng)于in the same way，即同樣、 也那樣，作簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)表示同樣看法時(shí)常用之。

就諸如此類的四種結(jié)構(gòu)略作介紹。

1."So+do+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu) 在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中表示"我也如此"或"另外一個(gè)人也 如此"時(shí)，也就是主語(yǔ)不同于上文的主語(yǔ)以及上 文并無(wú)可用于構(gòu)成倒裝的動(dòng)詞(即操作詞時(shí))， 可用此結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于構(gòu)成倒裝的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則用相同 的動(dòng)詞或根據(jù)不同人稱用同類的動(dòng)詞。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I‘ve got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2."Neither/Nor + do + 主語(yǔ)" 結(jié)構(gòu) 如果上文表示否定意義而在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中表示同樣 看法時(shí)，可用此結(jié)構(gòu)。例如，甲方說(shuō)I can‘t swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不會(huì)游泳"，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō) Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can‘t either)。

又例如： A：He doesn‘t speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 關(guān)于以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，有兩點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：

第一，能用動(dòng)詞縮略形式。例如： I‘m going to London. ---So‘s John。(is) I‘ve been to New York. ---So‘s John.(has) I‘d have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So‘d John.(would) John hasn‘t got a visa. ---Nor‘ve do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren‘t acting in the college play. ---Neither‘s Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙對(duì)話如用and連成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can‘t I. John can‘t speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn‘t speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜體部分相當(dāng)于and I can, too / and I can‘t either / and I do too / and I don‘t either 的意思。

3."So+主語(yǔ)+do"結(jié)構(gòu) 在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中，對(duì)別人所說(shuō)的情況加以肯定以及 主語(yǔ)與上文主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可用此結(jié)構(gòu)，注意，這 里不用倒裝同序;so 的意義相當(dāng)于indeed, certainly，即"不錯(cuò)"、"對(duì)了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 這類簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)往往帶有說(shuō)話人的驚奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it‘s raining! B: So it is. 在這里，So it is的含義是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me.

4."Nor+主語(yǔ)十do"結(jié)構(gòu)

如果乙方想對(duì)甲方所否定的情況加以肯定時(shí)，可用此 結(jié)構(gòu)(注：在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，neither少見(jiàn))例如： Look! It isn‘t raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn‘t got a handle!

---Nor it has!

四種結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹就到此為止。下面從L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一書(shū)摘引一則 對(duì)話供初學(xué)者觀察上述四種結(jié)構(gòu)在上下文中的使用 情況。

Derothy: Look it‘s raining!

Donald: So it is! I‘m not going out this afternoon now.

Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven‘t got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There‘s a good film on at the" Metropole".

Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let‘s.

Derothy: But it doesn‘t start until 6 o‘clock.

Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don‘t want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn‘t raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I‘d like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who‘s that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It‘s the postman.

Donald: So it is! He‘s very early. The evening newspaper hasn‘t even arrived yet.

Dorothy: Nor it has! That‘s late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don‘t want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!

Donald: Here he is…there‘s a parcel for us!

Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn‘t expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it‘s from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There‘s no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.