are some people born clever閱讀

題目

are some people born clever閱讀理解

Are some people born clever,and others born stupid?Or is intelligence(智力)developed by our

environment and our experience?Strangely enough,the answer to these questions is yes.To some

extent Our intelligence is given to US at birth,and no amount of education can make a genius(天才)

out of a child born with low intelligence.On the other hand,a child who lives in a boring environment

will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surrounding(環(huán)境).Thus the limits

of person's intelligence are fixed at birth,whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his

environment.This view,now held by most experts,can be supposed in a number of ways.

It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with.The closer the

blood relationship between two people,the closer they are likely to be intelligent.Thus if we take two

unrelated people at random from population,it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely

different.If,on the other hand,we take two identical twins,they will very likely to be as intelligent as

each other.Relations like brothers and sisters,parents and children,usually have similar intelligence,and

this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

Imagine now that we take two identical(完全相同的)twins and put them in different environments.

We might send one,for example,to a university and the other to a factory where the working is boring.

We would soon find differences in intelligence developing,and this shows that environment as well as

birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact

with each other,but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.

1.If a child is born with low intelligence,he can ________.

A.become a genius

B.not reach his intelligence in his life

C.reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings

D.still become a genius if he should be given special education

2.In the second paragraph,the underlined sentence means"if we _______."

A.pick any two persons

B.take out two different persons

C.choose two persons who are relative

D.choose two persons with different inteili2ence

3.The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_______.

A.the part that birth plays

B.the importance of their positions

C.the importance of their intelligence

D.the role of environment on intelligence

4.The best title of the passage can be _________.

A.Surroundings

C.Dependence on Environment

B.Intelligence

D.Effect of Education

答案：

1-4:CADB

解析：

科教類文章閱讀技巧：

一、材料特點(diǎn)：

這類文章的總體特點(diǎn)是：科技詞匯多，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，理論性強(qiáng)，邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。具體說(shuō)來(lái)它有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1、文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡(jiǎn)明，不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。這類文章通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)文學(xué)英語(yǔ)中采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修辭手法，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見(jiàn)。

2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語(yǔ)法分析較困難。為了描述一個(gè)客觀事物，嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會(huì)使用集多種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象于一體的長(zhǎng)句。

3、常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動(dòng)句式。

二、命題特點(diǎn)：

科普類閱讀的主要命題形式有事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等，其中推理判斷題居多。

三、應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

1、要想做好科普英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題，同學(xué)們就要注意平時(shí)多讀科普知識(shí)類文章，學(xué)習(xí)科普知識(shí)，積累常見(jiàn)的科普詞匯，從根本上提高科普英語(yǔ)的閱讀能力。

2、要熟悉科普類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。科普類文章一般由標(biāo)題(Head line)，導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(End)五部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來(lái)看，這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標(biāo)題，而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題。導(dǎo)語(yǔ)一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個(gè)事實(shí)的起因。主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)概括的事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述，這一部分命題往往最多，因此，閱讀時(shí)，同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)，命題者常在此要設(shè)計(jì)一道推理判斷題。

3、在進(jìn)行推理判斷時(shí)，同學(xué)們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事實(shí)為依據(jù)，同時(shí)所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識(shí)。

科普類閱讀應(yīng)試策略：

【命題趨勢(shì)】

閱讀理解題主要考查考生對(duì)書(shū)面語(yǔ)篇的整體領(lǐng)悟能力和接受及處理具體信息的能力。試題的取材，密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前我國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等方面的變化，有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的來(lái)源真實(shí)可信。因此科普知識(shí)類文章是每年的必考題。分析歷年的科普類文章我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)：

1、文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，條理清楚，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，用語(yǔ)通俗。

2、文章內(nèi)容注重科技領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。內(nèi)容新穎，從而使文章顯得陌生，內(nèi)容抽象復(fù)雜。

3、命題方面注意對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確理解和以之為依據(jù)的推理判斷。

4、以人們的日常行為或飲食健康入手，探討利弊，詮釋過(guò)程，闡述概念。

【應(yīng)試對(duì)策】

許多考生在考試時(shí)感到困惑的是：為什么一些沒(méi)有超越中學(xué)語(yǔ)法和詞匯范圍的篇章，讀起來(lái)卻不能正確理解，或者要花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間才能讀懂呢？這種現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生與閱讀方法有很大的關(guān)系。例如，有的考生在考試時(shí)一見(jiàn)到文章就立刻開(kāi)始讀，結(jié)果讀了半天，還不知道短文講的是什么，試題要求了些什么，結(jié)果浪費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間，而閱讀效果并不好。那么，怎樣讀效果才好呢？任何一種閱讀方法或技巧的使用，都是由篇章特點(diǎn)和試題本身的要求決定的，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的體裁和試題要求采取不同的策略。

1、瀏覽。瀏覽的主要目的就是確定文章的體裁。如果文章屬于人物傳記、記敘文、故事、科普小品和有關(guān)社會(huì)文化、文史知識(shí)的文章，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)該先看看文章的試題考查內(nèi)容，對(duì)題目類型做到心中有數(shù)，針對(duì)不同問(wèn)題，在通讀時(shí)有粗有細(xì)地去閱讀，這樣不僅能把握篇章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯線索，也能做好有關(guān)具體事實(shí)信息考查的試題。

2、挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出結(jié)論。任何文章，作者在行文時(shí)都有一定的寫(xiě)作目的和主要話題。在通讀篇章時(shí)應(yīng)該吃透作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，抓住文章的主題句，充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力和概括力，作出對(duì)中心思想的歸納和結(jié)論的推斷。

3、把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，利用上下文進(jìn)行推測(cè)。高考中的閱讀理解篇章往往是一個(gè)較完整的短文，其結(jié)構(gòu)、思想，前后上下連貫統(tǒng)一?？荚嚂r(shí)應(yīng)充分利用這一特點(diǎn)推測(cè)一些生詞、短語(yǔ)在句中的含義，切莫盲目孤立猜測(cè)。

4、綜觀全篇，前后呼應(yīng)。這是閱讀理解的最后一步，在做完閱讀理解題后，要立足于文章整體，再迅速讀一遍短文，短文中的問(wèn)題和答案的設(shè)置前后都是相關(guān)聯(lián)的，有著一定的連續(xù)性，體現(xiàn)著文章的基本脈絡(luò)。