americans are proud of their variety

題目

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality(個性),yet they love and respect few things more

than a uniform,whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general.Why are

uniforms so popular in the United States?

Among the arguments for uniforms,one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more

professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes.People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from

a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust

than one who appears in civilian clothes.Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.

What easier way is there for a nurse,a policeman,a hairdresser,or a waiter to lose professional identity

(職業(yè)身份)than to step out of uniform?

Uniforms also have many practical good points.They are often more comfortable and more lasting than

civilian clothes.

Primary facts among the argument against uniforms is their lack of variety and the loss of individuality

experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms,the wearer of any

particular type is generally stuck with it,without change,until retirement.When people look alike,they are

likely to think,speak,and act similarly on the job at least.

Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems.Though they are long-lasting,often their initial

expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes.Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain,requiring

professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

1.What surprises us is that Americans ______.

[]

A.still judge a man by his clothes

B.think highly of uniforms

C.less prefer wearing civilian clothes

D.respect a elevator operator in uniform

2.People are likely to think that a man in uniform ______.

[]

A.suggests quality work

B.shows his social position

C.appears to be more practical

D.looks more fresh and attractive

3.Those who are against uniforms believe that people wearing uniforms ______.

[]

A.are usually helpful

B.have little freedom

C.lose personal character

D.enjoy greater popularity

4.It can be concluded from the passage that ______.

[]

A.people generally trust a person in uniform more

B.people enjoy wearing comfortable uniform

C.the cost of the uniform is acceptable to people

D.people wear uniforms to show they should be respected

答案：

1-4: BACA

解析：

歷史文化類閱讀理解文章屬高考常選材料之一。這類文章常涉及歷史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文學(xué)藝術(shù)、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、文化遺產(chǎn)保護、宗教與文化、風(fēng)俗與習(xí)慣、道德與法制、中外文學(xué)名著節(jié)選、等等。這類材料的命題點往往落在主旨大意題、事實細節(jié)題上。

【答題方法】在做這類閱讀理解題時，我們應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面：

1、采用先題后文：先讀題目，再帶著問題讀文章。這類閱讀理解文章相對來說事實細節(jié)題稍多一點，如果帶著問題讀文章，有利于我們抓細節(jié)。

2、先做細節(jié)題。因為做完了局部性的事實細節(jié)題后，自然會加深我們對文章的理解，這樣更有利于做主旨大意題。

3、重點敲定主旨題。主旨大意題提問的形式主要有兩大類：一類是Main idea型；一類是Topic或Title型。

在解答這類試題時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：

a．讀首句抓大意。

文化教育類閱讀理解文章多采用說明文、議論文體裁，而這類文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主題句在文章開頭。因此，要尋找這類文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。

b．讀尾句抓大意。

有時這類文章的主題句安排在文章的結(jié)尾，作為對全篇的總結(jié)。

c．讀首段抓大意。

有些文章或段落的開頭和結(jié)尾部分都有主題句。這種結(jié)構(gòu)是為了突出主題思想而使用兩次點題的寫作方法。這兩個主題句在句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞上有所不同，而且在內(nèi)容上前句和后句也不重復(fù)。

d．從段落中抓大意。

有些文章或段落的主題句在文章中，這種文章或段落往往以一句話或幾句話引出要表達的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。

e．歸納要點抓大意。

有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句，只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題。這就要求同學(xué)們在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實或線索來概括總結(jié)主旨大意。