until the twentieth century

題目

Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health.Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars.Most women did not use tobacco at all.

The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine.This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly,and it reduced the price.

Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit.About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly.It is encouraging to note,however,that millions of people have given up the smoking habit.Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives,but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking.The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.

Men as a group smoke more than women.Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44.Income,education and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habits.City people smoke more cigarette than people living on farms.Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes.On the other hand,___________,he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.

The situation is somewhat(有點)different for women.There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups.These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

Among teenagers the picture is similar.There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income and well-educated families.High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school.Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.

小題1:How did men mainly use tobacco?(no more than 1 word)

In the form of ________________.

小題2:What were the results of the development of the manufacturing machine?(no more than 4 words)

More cigarettes are _________________________________________.

小題3:What are the three main factors closely related to one’s smoking habits?(no more than 4 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

小題4:Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases.(no more than 9 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

小題5:Which kind of children is most likely to pick up the habit of smoking?(no more than 6 words)

Children __________________________________________ are most likely to smoke.

答案：

小題1:cigars

小題2:produced quickly and cheaply

小題3:Income,education and occupation.

小題4:if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes

小題5:whose parent or parents smoke

解析：

本問講述了煙草行業(yè)的有關信息，講述了世界煙草行業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史，以及男性和女性在吸煙方面的具體情況，影響吸煙的因素等等。

小題1:cigars原詞再現(xiàn)。根據第一段第2行Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars.

小題2:produced quickly and cheaply細節(jié)題。根據第二段2,3行This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly,and it reduced the price。

小題3:Income,education and occupation.細節(jié)題。根據第四段2,3行Income,education and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habits.

小題4:if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes推理題。根據前一句Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes.說明接受良好教育的有較高收入的人比接受教育較少的人吸煙少。On the other hand說明存在著轉折關系，故if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes說明如果教育良好的人一旦抽煙，就會抽得很多，很厲害。

小題5:whose parent or parents smoke推理題。根據文章最后一句Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.說明父母抽煙，孩子抽煙的可能性較大。

點評：本問講述了煙草行業(yè)的有關信息，講述了世界煙草行業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史，以及男性和女性在吸煙方面的具體情況，影響吸煙的因素等等。以細節(jié)題和推理題的考查為主，要求考生能在仔細審題的基礎上根據文章內容進行合理的判斷推理和延伸，做出準確的判斷。