Unit 5 What an adventure一、詞匯派生

1、initial adj.開始的，最初的

initially adv.最初，首先；開頭

initiative n．首創(chuàng)精神；倡議

2、confirm v．證實，證明

confirmation n．確認；證實；證明

3、crowd n．人群

crowded adj.擁擠的；塞滿的

4、attempt n．努力，嘗試vt.企圖，試圖；嘗試

attempted adj.企圖的；未遂的

5、fail v．失敗

ailure n．失敗

6、psychology n．心理學

psychologist n．心理學家

二、一詞多義

1、up to...

①I can take up to four people in my car.(多達)

②I don't feel up to the task.(勝任)

③Up to yesterday，I thought he was single.(直到)

④It's up to you to decide whether to go or to stay.(由……決定)

2、figure out

①I can't figure out what he was hinting at.(看透)

②Please figure out the total cost.(計算出)

③Could you help me figure out this problem?(解決)

④I didn't figure out how to do it.(想出)

⑤I simply couldn't figure out his intention.(弄明白)

三、知識要點

1、thus adv.因此，從而

The universities have expanded，thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.

大學擴招了，這樣就使更多人能有機會接受高等教育。

We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.

我們不是這棟樓房的房主，因此不能對它進行大改動。

[造句]老年人常常想方設(shè)法省錢吃飯，結(jié)果損害了他們的健康。

Old people often try to save money to eat，thus endangering their health.

[知識拓展]

therefore adv.因此；所以

so conj. 因此；所以

as a result 結(jié)果；因此

2、confirm v．證實，證明

confirm to have done sth.確認已完成某事

Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.

裁員的傳言后來得到了證實。

His guilty expression confirmed my doubt.

他內(nèi)疚的表情證實了我的猜疑。

[造句]你能證實一下接下來發(fā)生了什么事嗎？

Can you confirm what happened next?

[知識拓展]

confirmation n證實，證明；確認函

confirmed adj. 成習慣的，根深蒂固的，堅定的

3、(be) similar to 與……相似

My opinions are similar to his.

我的看法跟他的相似。

She has a dictionary similar to mine.

她有一本和我的類似的詞典。

[造句]瑪麗的帽子和簡的差不多。

Mary's hat is similar to Jane's.

[知識拓展]

be similar in... 在……方面相似，和……差不多

similarly adv. 相似地；類似地

similarity n. 相似；類似

4、bring...into focus 使……成為焦點

This will broaden your horizons and bring new ideas and opportunities into focus.

這會開闊你的視野，為你關(guān)注的事物帶來新的想法與機會。

We touched on too many topics，so the group leader brought all of them into focus by summarizing.

我們談及了許多話題，因此組長通過總結(jié)把所有討論的問題談清楚了。

[造句]新經(jīng)理組織能力太強了，很快就把主要問題搞清楚并且解決好。

The new manager was so wellorganized that he brought the problems into focus and solve them soon.

[知識拓展]

focus n．焦點；集中點；焦距；中心v.(使)集中；聚集

focus sth.on 集中某物于/把某物對準……

focus one's attention/mind/energy on

集中注意力/心思/精力于

pay attention to...

5、figure out弄明白

I can't figure out what he is talking about.

我真搞不懂他在講什么。

No one could figure out where the gas came from in his magic.

沒人能搞懂他魔術(shù)中的氣體來自哪里。

[造句]小男孩似乎弄明白了老師正在講解的題目。

The little boy seems to have figured out what the teacher is explaining.

[知識拓展]

figure n．數(shù)字；圖形；人物；身材；體形；人影

v．計算；想；估計；認為

keep one's figure 保持(優(yōu)美的)身材

figure on 期待， 指望， 依賴

figure that 認為， 認定

As an important figure of the company，Sue tried to figure out how to announce that the company had earned less than 6 figures that year.And most importantly she figured that few people was likely to believe her.

作為公司的重要人物，蘇設(shè)法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位數(shù)的消息。最重要的是，她認為很少有人會相信她。

6、attempt vt.企圖，嘗試n.努力，嘗試

In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures.

為了吸引更多顧客，他們采取了各種措施。

The two friends made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.

這兩個朋友試圖和解但未成功。

[造句]為削減費用，關(guān)閉了兩家工廠。

Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.

[知識拓展]

attempt at doing sth./to do sth.嘗試或努力做某事

make an attempt at doing/to do sth.嘗試或努力做某事

at one's/the first attempt第一次嘗試

7、refer to...as... 把……稱之為......

I always refer to him as a bookworm.

我總是稱他為書呆子。

People who work in offices are usually referred to as“white collar workers”．

那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領(lǐng)工人”。

[造句]她總是稱湯姆為“那個好人”。

She always refers to Tom as “that nice man”．

[知識拓展]

refer to sb.指的是某人；提及某人

refer to sth. 參考；查閱；提及

In his speech，he didn't refer to the pollution of the company at all.Although his secretary prepared enough related information about it for him，he didn't refer to any.He was referred to as an irresponsible leader by his colleagues.

在他的演講中，他一點兒也沒有提及公司的污染問題。盡管秘書為他準備了這方面足夠多的材料，但是他一點也沒有參照。他被同事稱為一個不負責任的領(lǐng)導。

reference n.參考

8、stand for... 代表；主張

It's well known that the olive branch stands for peace.

眾所周知，橄欖枝代表和平。

We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.

我們中國人民是主張和平的，希望用和平方式解決爭端。

[造句]PRC代表中華人民共和國。

PRC stands for People's Republic of China.

[知識拓展]

stand by 站在旁邊；袖手旁觀；支持

stand out 顯著；突出

stand up 站立；站起來

can't stand sth./doing sth. 不能忍受(做)某事

stand seeing (see) children smoking anywhere at any time.

四、重點句式

1、It is ＋ 過去分詞 ＋從句

(教材P51) It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.

目前還不清楚他是否在丟掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰頂。

句式分析：該句中it是形式主語，后面的if引導的從句是真正的主語。而且此處的it不可用其他詞如this，that等來代替。在英語中，只有it可作形式主語。

It is not known if he is fit for the job.

還不清楚他是否適合這份工作。

It is widely known that seven people were killed in the accident.

人們都知道這場事故中有七人喪生。

[造句] 大家都知道中國姓放在名字前面。

It is known that family names come before the first name in China.

[知識拓展]

(1)句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that”中常用的過去分詞有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。

(2)下列三種句型可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換

It＋be＋過去分詞＋that

→People say/think...＋that...

→Sb./Sth.＋be＋過去分詞＋不定式

①It is generally agreed that he is one of the most famous writers in our country.

(大家普遍認為)

②It was reported that he had won the game at his first international competition.

(據(jù)報道)

2、either...or...要么……要么……

(教材P51) With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risktaking?

大多數(shù)登珠峰的嘗試要么完全成功，要么徹底失敗，在這種冒險行為背后是否也有科學依據(jù)呢？

句式分析：本句中either...or...是連接詞，意為“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在這里連接兩個賓語。

I'm going to major either maths or biology in university，as both are my favorite subjects.

在大學里我打算要么學數(shù)學，要么學生物，因為這兩個都是我最喜歡的科目。

You either go or stay.Don't just wander here doing nothing.

你要么走，要么留。不要在這兒走來走去無所事事。

[造句] 我們要么選張偉做我們遠足的隊長，要么選劉迪。

We will elect Zhang Wei or Liu Di as our captain of going outing.

[知識拓展]

either...or...主要用于表示選擇，其意為“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于連接兩個性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語；連接兩個成分作主語時，謂語動詞通常與其靠近的主語保持一致。除可連接兩個詞或短語外，有時也可連接兩個句子。其否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。

Either you or I am wrong.It is impossible that we are both right.

五、難句分析

1、(教材P50) For these people，climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other，making some feel weak and others，powerful.

[分析] 此句是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。Climbing Qomolangma是動名詞短語作句子的主語。like no other是介詞短語意思是“與眾不同”。making some feel weak and others，powerful是動名詞短語作定語修飾表語an experience，結(jié)構(gòu)為：make sb.do sth.，and 后面為省略結(jié)構(gòu)，原句應該為making others feel powerful。

[譯文] 對于這些人來說，登珠峰是一種與眾不同的體驗，能讓一些人感到虛弱，讓另一些人感到強大。

2、(教材P51) Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars，as well as those who climb Qomolangma.

[分析] 此句是一個主從復合句。主句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。其中spend time doing sth.后面的賓語people后面有兩個who引導的定語從句；as well as連接兩個定語從句。

[譯文] 心理學家弗蘭克法利用多年的時間研究那些高空跳傘以及開快車的人，以及那些登珠峰的人。