冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種:定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的基本用法
不定冠詞用于單數可數名詞之前,其中 a 用于以輔音音素開始的詞前。而 an 是用于以元音音素前等, 不是元音字母開始的詞前。
如:a university,a useful tool,a computer,an orange,an hour,an 800-meter bridge
1、與可數名詞單數連用,表示類別。
例如:
--I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
--You shouldn't put drinks near a computer.
2、泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一個”,相當于 a certain。
例如:
--Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
--Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.
3、用于數量、時間等名詞前,表示“每一(單位)的……”相當于 per。
例如:
I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
4、用于固定詞組中。
例如:
a knowledge of,have a gift for,give sb. a ride,a couple of,have a good time,keep a diary,in a hurry,once in a while,at a loss,tell a lie,do sb. a favor。
二、定冠詞的基本用法
1、用來特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名詞常被短語或定語從句所修飾。
例如:
Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was the most important one.
2、指說話的雙方都知道的人或事物。
例如:
Don't worry if you can't come to the party. I'll save some cake for you.
3、復述上文中提到的事物。
例如:
There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is new.
4、用于單數可數名詞之前,表示該類事物,相當于 a。
例如:
When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.
5、序數詞和形容詞最高級前。比較級前若表示特指時也要用定冠詞 the 。
例如:
The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.
I want to chat with the taller of the two men.
6、在表示方位、樂器的名詞前。
例如:
Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.
play the piano, play the violin
7、用于復數姓氏之前,表示“夫婦”或“全家”。
例如:
the Smiths
8、表示世界上獨一無二事物的名詞前。
例如:
the sun,the moon,the earth,the world。
9、用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運河及某些建筑物等名稱前。
例如:
According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport.
10、在某些形容詞之前,可表示某一類人。
例如:
the rich,the poor,the old,the wounded,the living,the dead。
三、不用冠詞(零冠詞)情況
1、人名、地名(街名、廣場名、公園名)、大學名、國名、病名前。
例如:
Wang Fu Jing Street,Pei Hai Park 北海公園,Beijing University 但也可說 the University of Beijing。
2、抽象名詞表示一般概念時,一般不用冠詞。
例如:
When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life.
3、物質名詞表示一般概念時,一般不用冠詞。
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