1、直接引語和間接引語：

在陳述句中,直接引用說話人原來的語句,稱為直接引語。在書寫時,直接引語用引號。用自己的詞語來轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來說話人說的內(nèi)容,稱為間接引語。

2、直接引語改變?yōu)殚g接引語：

1、直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)注意以下各點：

①不用引號,而用連接詞that,但有時可省略。

②人稱作相應(yīng)變化；

③主句里的動詞如果是過去時,間接引語中的時態(tài)一般應(yīng)作相應(yīng)改變： 一般現(xiàn)在時變一般過去時；一般將來時變過去將來時；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變過去進(jìn)行時；現(xiàn)在完成時變成過去完成時；一般過去時變成過去完成時；但一般過去時如與一個具體的過去時間連用,則時態(tài)不變。

如：He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.

Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.”

→Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.

2、直接引語如果是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,需用從屬連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo),詞序要改變。如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green," Is it made in China?” →Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.

3、直接引語如果是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,需用疑問詞引導(dǎo),詞序是：連詞+主語+謂語。

如：Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help.

4、直接引語如是祈使句,變間接引語時,須將祈使句變?yōu)閯釉~不定式,并在動詞不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如：He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ”

→He asked the little boy to go there.

5、直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,指示代詞以及表示時間和地點的詞或詞組應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：