英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析(1)

一、Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (08.12 Passage 2)

分析主干：Customers can also improve experiences (by...)

1.介詞by 后面動名詞短語filing...作賓語，表示手段或方式。instead of...短語引導的內容相當于filing 的轉折并列成分。

2.注意動詞filing(不是filling)，意思是“正式提出”。

譯文：消費者也可以采取措施改善以后的購物體驗。他們可以直接向商家投訴，而不是到處散布自己不愉快的經(jīng)歷。

二、Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. (07.6 Passage 1)

分析主干：I have given them this: the visual...

謂語動詞give 帶雙賓語，them 和this。冒號后的the visual 是this 的同位語，對this 予以詳細說明。visual 由介詞短語of...修飾，of 的賓語是動名詞短語doing...;該動名詞短語的邏輯主語是their physics professor。

譯文：相反，我給她們的是這么一幅畫面：她們的物理學教授挺著大肚子做物理試驗。

三、Accordin g to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. (06.12 Passage 1)

分析主干：some (of...) include placing..., listing..., and pouring...

本句理解的難點在于辨別三個并列的動名詞短語，它們都是include 的賓語。shameless tactics 指“厚顏無恥的促銷手段”，visual sell 是“視覺銷售”。句末if 引導的從句是ask 的賓語：甚至都不問問就餐者是否需要就給他們倒上瓶裝水。

譯文：《華爾街日報》上的一篇文章說，一些更無恥的銷售策略包括把誘人的瓶子放在桌子上作為視覺賣點，把品牌名寫在菜單上而不標明價格，或者連問都不問一聲消費者就直接把瓶裝水倒給顧客。

四、A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent‘s clothes without permission is not. (06.1 Passage 2)

分析主干：A 12-year-old might need to be shown that... but that...

本句是show sb. that...結構的被動語態(tài)，that 從句依然充當賓語。賓語是but 并列連接的兩個that 引導的從句。兩個從句都用動名詞短語(raiding..., borrowing...)作主語。

作者把孩子心急地打開餅干盒的動作稱為raiding(襲擊)。富有幽默感。

譯文：一個12 歲的孩子可能需要人告訴他，不用得到許可就把餅干盒掃光是可以接受的，但是，沒有得到許可就借走父母的衣服是不能接受的。

五、In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. (05.6 Passage 1)

分析主干：players have been observed to...

不定式to throw...在句中作主語players 的補語;這是observe sb. do sth.結構的被動語態(tài)，作賓語補足語的省to 的不定式在被動語態(tài)中成了主語補足語，要把to 還原。動名詞considering...作介詞without 的賓語，介詞短語without considering...作throw 的狀語。

譯文：在比賽的白熱化階段，人們注意到球員從球場的這頭狂奔到球場那頭，根本就沒有考慮到他這樣的動作會對阻擋他的其他球員產生什么樣的后果。