-ing形式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。在時(shí)間上表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示主動(dòng)。閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音，再加ing。如果結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的，把e去掉，再加ing。

a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。

We are waiting for you.

b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)

c.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begins等。

d.與always，constantly，forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)色彩。

1.–ing分詞的構(gòu)成主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式 doing being done 一般式 完成式 having done having been done 否定式：not+--ing/not having(been) done 不是 having not (been) done

2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；完成式表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如： Walking along the street, he caught sight of an old friend of his. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.

3.---ing分詞的被動(dòng)式當(dāng)－ing分詞與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，需要用被動(dòng)形式。根據(jù)－ing 分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，－ing分詞的被動(dòng)式分為一般被動(dòng)式(being done)和完成被動(dòng)式(having been done),如：The question being discussed is very important. Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder.

4.---ing分詞的句法功能1)---ing分詞作主語(yǔ) Learning English has become a part of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big. 2) ---ing分詞作賓語(yǔ) 以下動(dòng)詞必須跟---ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)：admit/ appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy /excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest / give up/cannot help