做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考題的三條技巧

一、充分利用句子語境

綜觀歷年高考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查情況，有相當(dāng)一部分考題從本質(zhì)上看都是在考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在具體語境中的運(yùn)用，即只要考生能弄清各個(gè)被考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意思，就可作出正確選擇。如：

(1) Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. (安徽卷)

A. shall B. must C. may D. can

分析：答案選C。由于下文說“她還沒有把握”，所以前文要用may表示沒有把握的肯定推測，即“可能會(huì)與我們?nèi)ヂ眯小薄?o:p>

(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.

—It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green. (廣東卷)

A. has to be B. will beC. mustn’t be D. could be

分析：答案選D。后文說“他總是穿綠色衣服”，據(jù)此語境可推知，這件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。

(3) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here. (湖北卷)

A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t

分析：答案選C。后文說“他的外套還在這里”，據(jù)此語境可知“他不可能走遠(yuǎn)了”，故選can’t(from www.網(wǎng)址未加載)。

(4) He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free. (山東卷)

A. could B. would C. must D. need

分析：答案選A。could have done的意思是“本來可以做某事”。句子語境為“雖然他本來能夠免費(fèi)入場，但他買了票”。

(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

—She _________. I’ve already borrowed one. (湖南卷)

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

分析：答案選C。既然“我已經(jīng)借了一本”，所以“她就沒有必要借給我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。

二、根據(jù)時(shí)間確定時(shí)態(tài)

即要分清情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測時(shí)涉及的是現(xiàn)在情況還是過去情況。原則上說，若對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形或進(jìn)行式；若對(duì)過去情況進(jìn)行推測，則后接動(dòng)詞的完成式(這通常是高考的重點(diǎn))；若是對(duì)正在發(fā)生的情況進(jìn)行推測，后接動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。如：

(1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself. (福建卷)

A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done

C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

分析：答案選B。句子的語境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。選A還是B呢？根據(jù)前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以此處談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)過去情況，故選 needn’t have done。

(2) This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it. (遼寧卷)

A. should put B. could have putC. might put D. must have put

分析：答案選D。前文說“蛋糕很甜”，下文的語境顯然應(yīng)該是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測。

(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

— Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of difficulties! (江蘇卷)

A. may go through B. might go through

C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through

分析：答案選D。由上文的stayed可知，此題是對(duì)過去情況有把握的肯定推測。句意為“那個(gè)女生物學(xué)家呆在非洲研究野生動(dòng)物13年才回來?！薄疤彀?！她一定經(jīng)歷了不少苦難！”

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