獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式是“名詞或代詞+形容詞（副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等）”。但是，從近年來(lái)的考題情況看，該結(jié)構(gòu)主要涉及的是“名詞或代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的用法。本文擬對(duì)此作一歸納。

1. 名詞或代詞+不定式

其中的不定式通常表示尚未發(fā)生或即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天沒(méi)有人來(lái)，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周。

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來(lái)幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。

We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我們分了工，他擦窗戶，我掃地。

2. 名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞

其中的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（或當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。如：

She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑來(lái)，秀發(fā)在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)著。

We explored the caves, Peter acting as a guide. 由彼得作向?qū)В覀兲讲榱四切┒囱ā?o:p>

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。

注：有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞不表示進(jìn)行，而表示一般情況。如(from www.網(wǎng)址未加載)：

Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他們的房間在三層樓上，窗戶俯視著操場(chǎng)。

3. 名詞或代詞+過(guò)去分詞

其中的過(guò)去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)意義。如：

Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都來(lái)幫忙，約翰也不例外。

All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 積蓄全部用完了，我們就開(kāi)始找工作。

This done, they next set to clean the room. 做完這件事之后，他們接下來(lái)就開(kāi)始清理房間。

She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝視著，雙手叉在胸前(from www.網(wǎng)址未加載)。

【實(shí)訓(xùn)考題】

1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.

A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

2. All things _______, I think we ought to give the job to George.

A. considered B. considering C. to considerD. being considered

3. The river _______ in the night, the crossing was impossible.

A. to riseB. roseC. having risenD. being risen

4. More time _______, we should have done the job much better.

A. to giveB.give C. being given D. given

5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _______.

A. permetsB. permittingC. to permit D. permitted

6. The monitor _______ ill, we’d better put the meeting off.

A. beingB. to beC. beenD. to have been

7. An important lecture _______ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.

A. to beB. beingC. beenD. to have been

8. He was lying on the grass, his hands _______ under his head.

A. to crossB. crossed C. crossing D. to be crossing

9. Tom _______ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.

A. having beenB. been C. to beD. to being

10. Other things _______ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one.

A. beingB. to be C. been D. having been

【參考答案】1—5 CACDB 6—10 AABAA