“with+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”用法歸納

先請(qǐng)大家看看下面這兩道真考題：

1. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down. (福建卷)

A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled

2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. (安徽卷)

A. finishedB. finishing C. having finished D. was finished

以上兩題答案分別為B和A，均考查“with+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)果中的“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”可以是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞，它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ系膮^(qū)別如下：

一、用不定式：通常指不定式所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)尚未發(fā)生。如：

The person with the most to lose is the director. 損失最大的是主任。

With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out. 有這么多工作要做，我就沒(méi)有時(shí)間出去了。

With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策，我們感到放心。

In the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 下午沒(méi)事我就去逛書店。

二、用現(xiàn)在分詞：指動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)已是一種在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。如：

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 燈還亮著他很快就睡著了。

The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天氣晴朗吹著一股清風(fēng)。

We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning overhead. 我們走進(jìn)一個(gè)大候診室，頭上有一個(gè)大電扇運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著。

The ocean looks very beautiful with the moonlight glimmering on its surface. 海洋真美，月光在海面上閃爍。

Parks come alive with people picnicking, taking walks, rowing boats or swimming, while the quieter ones sit on the benches enjoying the flower scents in the breeze. 公園里很熱鬧，有的人在吃野餐、散步、劃船或游泳，那些愛(ài)清靜的人則坐在長(zhǎng)凳上嗅著風(fēng)中的花香。

注：正如進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)意義一樣，有時(shí)“現(xiàn)在分詞”也可表示將來(lái)意義。如：

With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天就要到了，該買暖和衣裳了。

三、用過(guò)去分詞：指與其前的名詞或代詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：

She sat with her head bent. 她低著頭坐在那里。(from www.網(wǎng)址未加載 )

I dare you to run across the road with your eyes shut. 我量你不敢閉著眼睛跑過(guò)馬路。

They held him with his arms pinned to his side. 他們抓住了他，把他的胳膊按在肋部。

1978 ended with nothing settled. 在一切懸而未決的情況下1978年結(jié)束了。

He painted her sitting with her hands folded. 他畫她坐著手叉在胸前。

【實(shí)訓(xùn)考題】(from www.網(wǎng)址未加載

1. With so much work ______, I can’t go to the movies.

A. to doB. doingC. be doingD. done

2. I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother ______.

A. to be illB. being ill C. been illD. to being ill

3. With the crowds ______, the royal party drove to the palace.

A. cheeringB. to cheerC. being cheeredD. cheered

4. All the afternoon he worked with the door ______.

A. to lockB. lockedC. being lockedD. locking

5. He came back with a basket ______ with fresh fruit.

A. filledB. to fillC. fillingD. being filled

6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____.

A. going on B. goes onC. went on D. to go on

【參考答案】ABABAA