不定式、-ing形式和過去分詞作定語的比較

一、不定式作定語

不定式作定語要放在它所修飾的名詞之后，表示一個將來的動作，即不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語之后。多用來修飾have、there be、with之后的名詞，表示“有…要…”或修飾“the+序數(shù)詞”。注意：不定式作定語，被修飾的詞是不定式動作發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、工具或?qū)ο髸r，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：

1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ________.

A. to send B. for sending it

C. to send it toD. for sending it to

【分析】答案選C。the person是send it的對象，可理解為to send it to the person。

2. There are five pairs ________, but I’m at a loss which to choose.

A. to be chosenB. to choose from

C. to chooseD. for choosing

【分析】答案選B。是“有五雙可選擇”即“從這五雙中選擇一雙”而不是“選擇五雙”。

3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.

A. by B. on

C. up D. with

【分析】答案選B。a tall box是stand的地方，即stand on the tall box。

4. Then there are always people to ________ if you fell like a chat.

A. talk to B. talk

C. speak aboutD. speak

【分析】答案選A。people是talk的對象，即talk to people。

二、分詞作定語

單個的分詞放在所修飾的名詞前(left等除外)，分詞短語放在所修飾的名詞后。被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或與謂語同時發(fā)生；被修飾的名詞與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，過去分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語之前或沒有時間性。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常只作狀語，而不能作定語。如：

1. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell B. smelling

C. smelt D. to be smelt

【分析】答案選B?！鞍l(fā)出香味”與“吸引游客”是同時發(fā)生的，排除表示將來的不定式，即A和D；又因?yàn)閠he flowers與smell (發(fā)出…味)是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。

2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A. to form B. form

C. forming D. having formed

【分析】答案選C。form作“出現(xiàn)、產(chǎn)生”解，是不及物動詞，pictures與form是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示“圖畫出現(xiàn)”與“有”同時發(fā)生。注意：這與表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。

3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.

A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars

【分析】答案選D。remain 是不及物動詞，其過去分詞無被動含義，用remaining (剩下的)作定語，修飾20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left

4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.

A. knowing B. known

C. being knownD. to be known

【分析】答案選B。因?yàn)閠he…company與know是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞短語作定語，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。

5. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hungB. hanging

C. hangs D. being hung

【分析】答案選B。hang作“某物懸掛 / 吊在某處”解，是不及物動詞，the picture與hang是主動關(guān)系，用hanging作定語。

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