某些用虛擬語氣的賓語從句

在表示“堅(jiān)持”、“命令”、“建議”、“要求”等后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。這類動(dòng)詞有人歸納為“一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist)、兩個(gè)命令(order, command)、三個(gè)建議(advise, suggest, propose)、四個(gè)要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，這類虛擬語氣由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國(guó)英語中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?o:p>

He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他堅(jiān)持要我同他們一起去。

He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。

He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出場(chǎng)。

【注】(1) 其中引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that通常不省略。

(2) 這類句子有時(shí)可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，前面用先行詞it作主語，代表后面的從句。如：

It was proposed that this matter be discussed next time. 有人提議這事下次再討論。

(3) 動(dòng)詞insist后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是。如：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。比較：

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。

(4) 與動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是。如：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣，此時(shí)suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況為既成事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣，此時(shí)的suggest通常譯為“表明”、“認(rèn)為”。比較并體會(huì)。如(from www.網(wǎng)址未加載)：

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建議我們留下吃飯。

What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他說的話表明他是個(gè)騙子。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我覺得你與他心照不宣。

(5) 以上動(dòng)詞用作名詞或派生出的名詞時(shí)，相應(yīng)的主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句也用虛擬語氣。如：

His demand is that we (should) set off at once. 他要求我們馬上出發(fā)。

He made the demand that we (should) set off at once. 他要求我們馬上出發(fā)。

(6) 在現(xiàn)代英語中，以上動(dòng)詞(包括其名詞形式以及其派生名詞)有時(shí)也可不用虛擬語氣(但初學(xué)者宜慎用)。如：

Her suggestion was we had our conversation in French. 她的建議是我們用法語交談。

He said that he would not be long and suggested that we waited for him. 他說他不會(huì)去很久，并建議我們等他。