1、直接引語和間接引語的定義

引述別人的話有兩種方式:一種是使用引號(hào)引出別人的原話,這叫作直接引語;另一種是用己的話把別人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來,這叫作間接引語。

直接引語變間接引語時(shí),要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化。

例 John said ," I’m going to london with my father .”

約翰說:“我要和父親到倫敦去。"(引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語。)

例 John said that he was going to london with his father

約翰說他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語從句是間接引語,時(shí)態(tài)隨主句變成一般過去時(shí)。)

2、直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換

(1)人稱変化

在直接引語中,代詞要隨句意進(jìn)行改變。若直接引語中有第一人稱,變?cè)~接引語時(shí)應(yīng)與引述部分的主語的人稱相一致;

若有第二人稱,變間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)與引述部分的賓語的人稱相一致;直接引語中的第三人稱變間接引語時(shí)不需要變化。

直接引語 He said,” I like it very much.”

間接引語 He said that he liked it very much.

他說他非常喜歡它。

直接引語He said to Mrs. Green,"How do you go to work every day?"

間接引語He asked Mrs green how she went to work every day.

他問格林大人她每天怎么去上班。

直接引語My father said,”Jack is a good neighbor.”

間接引語My father said that jack was agood neighbor .

我父親說杰克是一個(gè)好鄰居。

(2)時(shí)態(tài)變化

直接引語在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),若引述動(dòng)詞是一過去時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)需要相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。即主句為過去時(shí)態(tài),間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。

直接引語She said,”I do morning exercises every day.”

間接引語She said that she did morning exercises every day.

她說她每天進(jìn)行晨練

直接引語He said,"l' m using the knife.”

間接引語He said that he was using the knife.

他說他正在用那把刀子

直接引語 I asked her ," where have you spent your holiday ?”

間接引語 I asked her where she had spenther holiday.

我問她去哪里度假了

(3)句式變化

①直接引語為陳述句式,轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時(shí)變?yōu)閠hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(口語中that可以省略),主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell,repeat, explain, think等。

直接引語 He said,”I caught a cold yesterday.”

間接引語 He said(that) he had caught a cold the day before

他說他前一天感冒了。

②直接引語是一般疑問句或反意疑問句,間接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

直接引語 “Didyou go to the British Museum yesterday?”asked Kate.

間接引語 Kate asked me if I had gone to theBritish Museum the day before.

凱特問我前一天有設(shè)有去大英博物館

③直接引語是選擇疑問句,間接引語變?yōu)?whether…or引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

直接引語I asked him”Will you saty athome or go to the cinema tonight ?"

間接引語 I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to the cinema thatnight.

我問他那天晚上他是待在家里還是去看電影了。

④直接引語是特殊疑問句,間接引語變?yōu)橛稍瓉硪蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,此時(shí)的賓語從句用陳述句語序。

直接引語 “What do you do in your free time?" he asked me.

間接引語 He asked me what I did in myfree time.

他問我業(yè)余時(shí)間做什么。