虛擬語(yǔ)氣在考試中比較常見(jiàn)。尤其是在聽(tīng)力中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。它主要是表達(dá)一種“假設(shè)”或者“推測(cè)”，而不是客觀顯示中的真實(shí)事件。因?yàn)橹饕ㄟ^(guò)動(dòng)詞的變化來(lái)反應(yīng)不同的情況，所以如果不熟悉虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本表示方法，會(huì)直接影響聽(tīng)力。同時(shí)翻譯中也經(jīng)常使用。如果想得高分，要學(xué)好這個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，爭(zhēng)取在翻譯部分多拿點(diǎn)分：

基本規(guī)則：

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：

If I were you , I would apply for the job.

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：

If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such mistake.

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：

If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.

真題翻譯示例：

例1：

They requested that _______(我借的書(shū)還回圖書(shū)館)by next Friday.

1. 動(dòng)詞request引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)方式：should+動(dòng)詞原形，此題則為：should return

3. 按句意順序譯，得出答案：I should return the book to library

例2：

The victim ________(本來(lái)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))if he had been taken to hospital in time.

1. 一看句意有“本來(lái)”，十之八九為虛擬語(yǔ)氣

2. 二看時(shí)態(tài)推后了，本該過(guò)去時(shí)，卻用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，因此一定考虛擬

3.按句意譯為：would have a chance to survive

哪些動(dòng)詞及其與他們相關(guān)的名詞，從句需虛擬語(yǔ)氣?

一想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)

四建議(advice. suggest. propose)

五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一個(gè)wish

實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)：

1. It is strange that he _________ so.

A. would say B. would speak

C. should say D. will speak

2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _________ there.

A. not went B. won’t go

C. not go D. not to go

3. I wish that I _________ with you last night.

A. went B. could go

C. have gone D. could have gone

4. If you had told me in advance, I _________ him at the airport.

A. would meet B. would had met

C. would have met D. would have meet

5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _________ me how.

A. teaches B. will teach

C. has taught D. would teach

6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _________ the book from which it was made.

A. have read B. had read

C. should have read D. are reading

7. You are late. If you _________ a few minutes earlier, you _________ him.

A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met

C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet

8. If she could sew, _________.

A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt

C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat

9. If I _________ you, I _________ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay

C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay

10. Had I known her name, _________

A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.

答案及解析：

1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7.B 8. B 9.D 10. D

1. It is strange that是主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用sb. should do的形式。

2. suggest后面的從句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish從句后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣。could have done表示“本來(lái)可以”。

4. in advance表示“事先”， would have done表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

5. wish的賓語(yǔ)從句表示發(fā)生在將來(lái)的愿望用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

6. wish后面用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

7. 條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

8. would have done是過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

9. 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，不管什么人稱(chēng)，be動(dòng)詞都要用were的形式。

10. had I known是與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝形式，因此主句要用would have done。