19. 狀語從句

19.1 地點(diǎn)狀語從句

地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.

我住的地方樹很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

不管我在哪里我都會想到你。

19.1 地點(diǎn)狀語從句

地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.

我住的地方樹很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

不管我在哪里我都會想到你。

19.2 方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。

1) as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：

Always do to the others as you would be done by.

你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.

我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

2) as if, as though

兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)

說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.

他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。

19.3 原因狀語從句

比較：because, since, as和for

1) because語勢最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

I didn’t go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2) 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

19.4 目的狀語從句

表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如：

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

19.5 結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。

比較：so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool

so nice a flower such a nice flower

so many / few flowers such nice flowers

so much / little money. such rapid progress

so many people such a lot of people

( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。)

so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school

19.6 條件狀語從句

連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。

unless = if not.

Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk.

典型例題

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

A. unless B. until C. if D. or